What are the 3 carbohydrate subgroups? How are monosaccharides converted into polysaccharides? Do Disacchardes and polysaccharides have the same ration as carbohydrates? What does salivary amylase digest?
What 3 classes of carbohydrates? What is the complex carbohydrate that is broken down into sugar? What are the three basic structures of a carbohydrate? Are polysaccharides polymers of carbohydrates? Glycosidic bonds are found in what type of molecules? What include monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides lipids or carbohydrates? What common compound is formed when disaccharides and polysaccharides are formed?
What are the three carbondrates? What are three different types of carbohydrates? What is the name of the chemical process that joins disaccharides and polysaccharides? Study Guides. Trending Questions.
Polysaccharides such as cellulose, xylan, and mannan, which contained the zig-zag type linkages, all belong to this type. Compared to ribbon-like conformation, the hollow helix conformation showed a relative better solubility, but still not comparable with disordered conformation random coil , e. Linkage patterns and conformation types of polysaccharides: a ribbon-like and b hollow helix. Adopted from Cui and Wang [ 23 ]. Polysaccharides with the same monosaccharides but different linkage patterns solubility also showed varied solubility.
It can be seen that polysaccharides have very complex structural features regarding monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds linkage patterns , the degree of branching, molecular weight distribution, and the presence of special groups. These structural features highly affected the solubility of polysaccharides, in either positive or negative way. All in all, any structure that hinders the intermolecular association usually leads to a higher solubility, such as branching structure, charged group carboxylate group, sulfate, or phosphate groups ; on the opposite, structural characters that promote the intermolecular association result in the poor solubility, such as linear chain, large molecular weight, and other regular structural characters.
It should be noted that these structural features are not isolated but intercorrelated with each other to decide the solubility of any specific polysaccharide. For example, the excellent solubility of gum arabic is not only contributed by its highly branched character but also affected by the charged group as well as the 1—6 linkage bonds.
Therefore, it is wise to consider the relationships of solubility with overall polysaccharide structure features. Some examples of polysaccharides with different solubility groups have been previously summarized [ 7 ], while some modification has been made Table 1. Understanding the relationships between solubility and structural features of polysaccharides could better facilitate the food and nonfood applications. The solubility of some originally insoluble or poor soluble polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch can be increased through basic structural modification.
Take starch for example; starch can be physically or chemically modified to improve water solubility. Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications.
Edited by Zhenbo Xu. Edited by Angel Catala. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. Built by scientists, for scientists. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. Downloaded: Abstract Understanding the solubility of polysaccharides is extremely important for their food applications as most functions of polysaccharides including stability, emulsifying property, drug delivery, membrane forming properties, etc.
Keywords polysaccharides structure solubility conformation solution behavior. Introduction Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic bonds. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution Polysaccharides are polydisperse in molecular weight. Charged polysaccharides vs. Branching polysaccharides vs.
Hydrophobic groups Similar to branching effects, the presence of some hydrophobic groups, e. Linkage pattern and conformation of sugar residues The conformation can be simply regarded as the way that polymer chains align themselves in solution to adopt an orientation with lower energies. Table 1. Examples of polysaccharides with different solubility. More Print chapter. How to cite and reference Link to this chapter Copy to clipboard.
Monosaccharides are formed in a later stage when the polysaccharides get to your intestines. You need enzymes e. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer. Fleming A. Fleming 61 5 5 bronze badges.
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